Certolizumab pegol music to ears of crohn's patients.
Page: 17 (Source: Inpharma Weekly) <p> </p><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsored Message:</i></b> Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.<img src="http://www.medworm.com/images/stat.php?folder=conditions&file=Crohns-Disease.xml" border="0" width="0" height="0" /></p>
Space food
Astronauts' meals could help children with Crohn's (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)
Outlook for crohn's disease improves thanks to new therapies
A study led by Mayo Clinic has found that infliximab (Remicade) administered alone (monotherapy) or in combination with azathioprine is a more effective treatment for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease than azathioprine alone. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)
Adalimumab reduces hospitalization, major surgery for crohn's disease
Two studies of patients with Crohn's disease show favorable outcomes and possible cost effectiveness with tumor necrosis factor antagonist drug maintenance treatment. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)
Acg: treat registry finds no extra risk with infliximab for crohn's
ORLANDO (MedPage Today) -- Infliximab (Remicade) for Crohn's disease is no riskier than the use of other immunomodulating drugs for the condition, a treatment registry suggested. (Source: MedPage Today Meeting Coverage)
Acg: rate of remission in crohn's disease increasing with placebo
ORLANDO (MedPage Today) -- The rates of remission for Crohn's disease patients who are in the placebo arm of clinical trials appears to have increased over the past 10 years, researchers said here. (Source: MedPage Today Meeting Coverage) <p> </p><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsored Message:</i></b> Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.<img src="http://www.medworm.com/images/stat.php?folder=conditions&file=Crohns-Disease.xml" border="0" width="0" height="0" /></p>
Crohn`s in childhood research association (cicra)
PhD Studentship
Amount: Unspecified
Closing Date : 30 November 2008 (Source: RDFunding RSS feed)
Bacterial overgrowth and inflammation of small intestine after carboxymethylcellulose ingestion in genetically susceptible mice
Background: Detergents and emulsifiers added to food may destroy the mucus barrier, which normally isolates bacteria from the intestinal wall, and lead to chronic bowel inflammation in susceptible persons. We investigated the influence of 2% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on the biostructure of the intestinal microbiota in IL-10 gene-deficient mice.Methods: Twenty to 27-week-old IL-10 gene-deficient mice received either 2% CMC solution (n = 7) or water (n = 6) orally for 3 weeks. Intestinal bacteria were investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization in paraffin-fixed sections of the intestine.Results: CMC-treated IL-10 gene-deficient mice demonstrated a massive bacterial overgrowth, distention of spaces between villi, with bacteria filling these spaces, adherence of bacteria to the mucosa, and migration of bacteria to the bottom of the crypts of Lieberkuehn. Leukocytes migrated into the intestinal lumen in 4 of the 7 CMC mice. The changes were similar to those observed in Crohn's disease in humans and were absent in control animals.Conclusions: CMC induces bacterial overgrowth and small bowel inflammation in susceptible animals. Because of its ubiquity in products and its unrestricted use in food of the industrial world, CMC is an ideal suspect to account for the rise of IBD in the 20th century.(Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)
Acg: infliximab trumps azathioprine in treatment of crohn's
ORLANDO (MedPage Today) -- Treatment of mild to moderate Crohn's disease with infliximab (Remicade) allows more patients to achieve remission and mucosal healing than therapy together with the immunosuppressant azathioprine or without it, researchers said here. (Source: MedPage Today Meeting Coverage)
Cimzia(r) (certolizumab pegol) provides long-term benefit without dose escalation in crohn's disease patients
Data from two studies presented this week by UCB at the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Annual Meeting demonstrate that CIMZIA(R) (certolizumab pegol) - the only PEGylated anti-TNF alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha) - provides sustained improvement in symptoms with stable dosing for adult patients suffering from moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD). (Source: Crohn's News From Medical News Today)
Indications and results of videocapillaroscopy in clinical practice.
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=PubMed_PubMed&from_uid=18842560">Related Articles</a></td></tr></table>
<p><b>Indications and results of videocapillaroscopy in clinical practice.</b></p>
<p>Adv Med Sci. 2008 Oct 8;:1-9</p>
<p>Authors: Gallucci F, Russo R, Buono R, Acampora R, Madrid E, Uomo G</p>
<p>Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is one of the best diagnostic non-invasive imaging techniques to evaluate microcirculation in vivo and is increasingly employed in the field of rheumatology. Indeed, at present, the most important utility of NVC is in the identification of microvascular involvement in many rheumatic diseases, particularly in systemic sclerosis. More recently, this technique has been shown to be applicable to the study of many other extra-rheumatic diseases, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, cardiac syndrome X, primary biliary cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, familial Mediterranean fever.This article sets down the methodology of examination and normal pattern of capillary vessels and reviews the applications of NVC in clinical practice and its results in rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases.</p>
<p>PMID: 18842560 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]</p> (Source: Advances in Medical Sciences) <p> </p><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsored Message:</i></b> Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.<img src="http://www.medworm.com/images/stat.php?folder=conditions&file=Crohns-Disease.xml" border="0" width="0" height="0" /></p>
Tubulointerstitial nephritis as an extraintestinal manifestation of crohn’s disease
Tubulointerstitial nephritis is an infrequent but serious complication associated with Crohn's disease. The current case reports and review focus on the pathophysiology and management of tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with Crohn's disease. Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology (Source: Medscape Nephrology Headlines)
Acg: targeted agent may heal crohn's lesions in 10 weeks
ORLANDO (MedPage Today) -- Some Crohn's disease lesions may heal within 10 weeks when treated with the targeted biological agent certolizumab pegol (Cimzia), researchers reported here. (Source: MedPage Today Meeting Coverage)
Biologic therapy for crohn's disease: selecting the right patient
Brad Maltz, MD, and David Schwartz, MD, review the current evidence in regard to which patients with Crohn's disease are the most appropriate for treatment with a biologic agent.
Medscape Gastroenterology (Source: Medscape FamilyMedicine Headlines)
Mayo clinic collaborates to advance crohn's treatment
A study led by Mayo Clinic has found that infliximab (Remicade®) administered alone (monotherapy) or in combination with azathioprine is a more effective treatment for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease than azathioprine alone. These findings were presented at the 2008 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Annual Meeting. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that affects an estimated 500,000 people in the United States. (Source: Crohn's News From Medical News Today)
Cimzia (certolizumab pegol) provides long-term benefit without dose escalation in crohn's disease patients
Several abstracts highlighting CIMZIA's long-term benefits and value in moderate to severe Crohn's disease patients presented at American College of Gastroenterology (ACG)
ORLANDO, Fla. Oct. 7 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Data from two studies... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials) <p> </p><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsored Message:</i></b> Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.<img src="http://www.medworm.com/images/stat.php?folder=conditions&file=Crohns-Disease.xml" border="0" width="0" height="0" /></p>
Form of crohn's disease traced to disabled gut cells
Scientists say that they have linked the health of specialized gut immune cells to a gene associated with Crohn's disease, an often debilitating and increasingly prevalent inflammatory bowel disorder. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)
Cimzia(r) (certolizumab pegol) reduces intestinal lesions and induces endoscopic improvement in crohn's patients
UCB presented data from a large, prospective study investigating endoscopic improvement in Crohn's disease (CD) with a biologic compound. (Source: Crohn's News From Medical News Today)
New findings show efficacy of remicade(r) compared with azathioprine in treatment of crohn's disease according to first-of-its kind study
Data presented for the first time from the Phase 3b Study of Patients with Crohn's Disease Naive to Immunomodulators and Biologic Therapy (SONIC) may provide new insights into the approach to care of patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. (Source: Crohn's News From Medical News Today)
Tubulointerstitial nephritis as an extraintestinal manifestation of crohn's disease.
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=PubMed_PubMed&from_uid=18838984">Related Articles</a></td></tr></table>
<p><b>Tubulointerstitial nephritis as an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease.</b></p>
<p>Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2008 Oct 7;</p>
<p>Authors: Waters AM, Zachos M, Herzenberg AM, Harvey E, Rosenblum ND, </p>
<p>Background A 12-year-old boy presented to hospital with a 6-month history of crampy pre-defecation abdominal pain, non-bloody diarrhea, anorexia and weight loss. Investigations revealed hypochromic microcytic anemia, a low serum iron level, a low serum ferritin level and an elevated serum creatinine level. Histopathological examination of tissue specimens obtained at esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy revealed features of Crohn's disease, and a renal biopsy demonstrated tubulointerstitial nephritis. A second case of tubulointerstitial nephritis in a patient with Crohn's disease, is also presented.Investigations Physical examination, laboratory tests including full blood count, electrolytes, renal function, serum albumin, urinalysis and 24 h urinary protein, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, dimercaptosuccinic acid scan, renal diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid clearance study and renal biopsy.Diagnosis Tubulointerstitial nephritis secondary to Crohn's disease.Management Prednisone therapy (60 mg/day) for 1 month followed by a tapering schedule over 3 months.</p>
<p>PMID: 18838984 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]</p> (Source: Nature Clinical Practice. Nephrology.)
Statins alter neutrophil migration by modulating cellular rho activity--a potential mechanism for statins-mediated pleotropic effects?
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=PubMed_PubMed&from_uid=18840670">Related Articles</a></td></tr></table>
<p><b>Statins alter neutrophil migration by modulating cellular Rho activity--a potential mechanism for statins-mediated pleotropic effects?</b></p>
<p>J Leukoc Biol. 2008 Oct 7;</p>
<p>Authors: Maher BM, Dhonnchu TN, Burke JP, Soo A, Wood AE, Watson RW</p>
<p>The ability of neutrophils to sense and migrate toward damaged tissue is a vital component of the innate immune response. Paradoxically, this same migration serves as the hallmark of a number of inflammatory conditions, including ischemic reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, arthritis, and Crohn's disease. More recent evidence suggests that neutrophil infiltration into the cardiac allograft following transplantation is a contributing factor in allograft rejection. We have demonstrated previously a positive correlation between the degree of neutrophil migration and subsequent rejection grades in a cohort of cardiac transplant recipients. Intracellular signaling pathways that are intimately involved in neutrophil migration thus offer potential targets of manipulation in the treatment of such conditions. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylyglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or statins are emerging as potential anti-inflammatory agents and have a proven survival benefit in the transplant population. Yet, little is know about their ability to modulate neutrophil function and their subsequent mechanism of action. We demonstrate here that pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin significantly reduce neutrophil transendothelial migration toward the chemoattractant fMLP. This effect is independent of any change in neutrophil adhesion or adhesion molecule expression but is related to the ability of statins to reduce fMLP-induced Rho activity in neutrophils. This was confirmed by the ability of the Rho precursor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to rescue the statin-mediated reduction in neutrophil transendothelial migration. Understanding mechanism of action of statins in the neutrophil allows for their use in targeting excessive migration in inappropriate inflammatory conditions.</p>
<p>PMID: 18840670 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]</p> (Source: Journal of Leukocyte Biology) <p> </p><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsored Message:</i></b> Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.<img src="http://www.medworm.com/images/stat.php?folder=conditions&file=Crohns-Disease.xml" border="0" width="0" height="0" /></p>
Outlook for crohn's disease improves due to new therapies
A study led by Mayo Clinic has found that infliximab (Remicade) administered alone (monotherapy) or in combination with azathioprine is a more effective treatment for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease than azathioprine alone. (Source: News-Medical News Feed)
New findings show efficacy of remicade® compared with azathioprine in treatment of crohn's disease according to first-of-its kind study(oct 6, 2008)
New Findings Show Efficacy of REMICADE® Compared with Azathioprine in Treatment of Crohn's Disease According to First-of-Its Kind Study (Source: Johnson and Johnson)
Cimzia (certolizumab pegol) reduces intestinal lesions and induces endoscopic improvement in crohn's patients
More than 60 percent of moderate to severe patients achieved endoscopic response and more than 40 percent achieved endoscopic remission at Week 10 in data from a 54-week open-label study presented at the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG)... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)
Assessment of thrombophilic abnormalities during the active state of inflammatory bowel disease
Maher Maha M, Soloma Somaya HSaudi Journal of Gastroenterology 2008 14(4):192-197&lt;b&gt;Background/Aims:&lt;/b&gt; Thromboembolic disease has been recognized as a complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The relative contributions of inherited or acquired thrombophilia and the inflammatory response to the mechanism of this tendency are unclear. Thrombotic events are more common in active disease although significant numbers also occur spontaneously. The aim of this study was to investigate common thrombophilic markers in patients with active IBD. &lt;b&gt; Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Twenty-six patients with IBD who had active disease, and 40 sex- and age-matched non-IBD patients were recruited into the study. For all the subjects, complete blood counts, C-reactive protein levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, International normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, and levels of lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA IgG), proteins C and S, antithrombin-III (AT-III), and factor V were measured. &lt;b&gt; Results:&lt;/b&gt; The International normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, and levels of proteins C and S were comparable between the two groups. However, antithrombin-III levels were significantly lower in the IBD group as compared with that in the healthy control group (&lt;i&gt; P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). ACA IgG was detected in one patient in the IBD group. Factor V Leiden mutation was present in 3.8% of the patients in the IBD group, whereas the prevalence was 2.5% in the control group. Significantly elevated platelet counts were observed in patients with active Crohn's disease compared with that in the control group (&lt;i&gt; P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), but they were not significantly increased in active ulcerative colitis (&lt;i&gt; P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.231). &lt;b&gt; Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The present study failed to establish a strong association between the common thrombophilic markers and the active clinical course of IBD, with the exception of high platelet counts and lower levels of AT-III in the IBD group as compared with those in the control group. All other parameters of thrombophilia were comparable between the two groups. (Source: The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology)
Tender thigh in a patient with <i>crohn's disease</i>
Al-Saeed Abdulwahed, Helmy Ahmed, Al-Ashgar Hamad, Al-Kahtani KhalidSaudi Journal of Gastroenterology 2008 14(4):214-215 (Source: The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology) <p> </p><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsored Message:</i></b> Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.<img src="http://www.medworm.com/images/stat.php?folder=conditions&file=Crohns-Disease.xml" border="0" width="0" height="0" /></p>
New findings show efficacy of remicade compared with azathioprine in treatment of crohn's disease according to first-of-its kind study
Data from SONIC Trial Showed REMICADE Therapy is More Likely to Induce Steroid-Free Remission and Mucosal Healing Compared with Standard Immunomodulator, Azathioprine
ORLANDO, Fla., Oct. 6 /PRNewswire/ -- Data presented for the first time from the... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)
Mayo clinic collaborates to advance crohn's treatment
A study led by Mayo Clinic has found that infliximab (Remicade®) administered alone (monotherapy) or in combination with azathioprine is a more effective treatment for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease than azathioprine alone. These findings were presented today at the 2008 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Annual Meeting. (Source: Huliq Health News)
Mayo clinic collaborates to advance crohn's treatment
A study led by Mayo Clinic has found that infliximab (Remicade®) administered alone (monotherapy) or in combination with azathioprine is a more effective treatment for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease than azathioprine alone. These findings were presented today at the 2008 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Annual Meeting. (Source: Mayo Clinic Research News)
Mayo clinic collaborates to advance crohn's treatment
A study led by Mayo Clinic has found that infliximab (Remicade®) administered alone (monotherapy) or in combination with azathioprine is a more effective treatment for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease than azathioprine alone. These findings were presented today at the 2008 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Annual Meeting. (Source: News from Mayo Clinic)
Mayo clinic collaborates to advance crohn's treatment
A study led by Mayo Clinic has found that infliximab (Remicade®) administered alone (monotherapy) or in combination with azathioprine is a more effective treatment for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease than azathioprine alone. These findings were presented today at the 2008 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Annual Meeting. (Source: Mayo Clinic Rochester News) <p> </p><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsored Message:</i></b> Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.<img src="http://www.medworm.com/images/stat.php?folder=conditions&file=Crohns-Disease.xml" border="0" width="0" height="0" /></p>
Form of crohn's disease traced to disabled gut cells
Scientists report online this week in Nature that they have linked the health of specialized gut immune cells to a gene associated with Crohn's disease, an often debilitating and increasingly prevalent inflammatory bowel disorder. (Source: Huliq Health News)
Form of crohn's disease traced to disabled gut cells
Scientists report online in Nature that they have linked the health of specialized gut immune cells to a gene associated with Crohn's disease, an often debilitating and increasingly prevalent inflammatory bowel disorder. The link to immune cells intrigued researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis because they and others believe Crohn's disease is caused by misdirected immune responses in the intestine that damage gut tissue. (Source: Crohn's News From Medical News Today)
Familial clustering of crohn's disease in israel: prevalence and association with disease severity
Background: There is limited data addressing the severity of Crohn's disease (CD) in patients with a family history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared to sporadic cases.Methods: We investigated the familial occurrence of IBD and its correlation with disease behavior in CD patients attending the Israeli IBD Foundation meeting using a structured questionnaire.Results: The study group consisted of 181 CD patients with a total of 825 1st degree relatives. Positive family history for IBD in a 1st degree relative was reported in 30 patients (16%). Nine out of the 360 parents (2.5%) had IBD (4 CD, 5 UC). There were 17 siblings with IBD (15 CD, 2 UC) out of 351 (4.8%). Ten out of 114 (8.8%) offsprings had IBD (6 CD, 4 UC). When two siblings were affected, their respective age of disease onset was strikingly concordant (r = 0.76, p = 0.008). There was no difference between sporadic and familial CD patients in the age of disease onset, the location of disease, proportion of smokers or percentage of Ashkenazi origin. Furthermore, similar proportions of sporadic and familial patients underwent intestinal surgery, had penetrating or obstructive complications or were treated by immunomodulators and/or biologics. There was also no difference in the reported percentage of time with active disease or the number of flare-ups.Conclusions: The prevalence of familial disease among Jewish CD patients in Israel is at the high range of the rate found in other ethnicities. Having a positive family history of IBD has no impact on the severity of the disease.(Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)
Lactobacillus casei downregulates commensals' inflammatory signals in crohn's disease mucosa
Background: The interaction of commensal bacteria with the intestinal immune system is an essential factor in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study of isolated commensal bacteria's effects on the mucosal immune response might be relevant for a better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms in IBD.Methods: We investigated the immune responses to signals from the commensal Escherichia coli ATCC 35345 and the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 in Crohn's disease (CD) mucosa. Ileal specimens were obtained during surgery from CD patients. Mucosal explants were incubated with L. casei or its genomic DNA; TNF-[alpha], IFN-[gamma], IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL1 were measured in the supernatant. Second, tissue expression of key proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TGF-[beta], IL-23p19, IL-12p35, IL-17F), and chemokines (IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL2) was evaluated after incubation with L. casei or E. coli. Finally, combination experiments were carried out by incubating both strains with mucosal explants at different timepoints.Results: Live L. casei significantly decreased secretion of TNF-[alpha], IFN-[gamma], IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL1 by CD mucosa, but the effect was not reproduced by L. casei DNA. Second, live L. casei downregulated expression of IL-8, IL-6, and CXCL1 and did not modify expression of IL-23p19, IL-12p35, and IL-17F. In contrast, E. coli significantly upregulated expression of all these cytokines. Interestingly, combination experiments revealed the ability of L. casei to prevent and counteract the proinflammatory effects of E. coli.Conclusions: Live L. casei can counteract the proinflammatory effects of E. coli on CD inflamed mucosa by specific downregulation of key proinflammatory mediators.(Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)
Gene expression profiles of mucosal fibroblasts from strictured and nonstrictured areas of patients with crohn's disease
Background: A frequent complication of Crohn's disease (CD) is the formation of strictures and stenoses. Strictures are characterized by a fibrosis of the bowel wall, induced by abnormal wound healing. Functional changes of colonic lamina propria fibroblasts (CLPF) reflected by increased proliferation and collagen synthesis, increased contractility or reduced migratory potential, indicate a change of the phenotype. We aimed to investigate differences in gene expression profiles between CLPF isolated from normal, inflamed and strictured areas of CD patients.Methods: We applied two methods of gene expression analysis, subtractive hybridisation and Affimetrix® microarrays to find differences in mRNA expression patterns. Findings were verified by dot blot analysis.Results: Using subtractive screening and dot blot analysis 74 clones could be confirmed to be differentially expressed in CD CLPF from nonstrictured areas compared to control CLPF. Fibronectin (transcript variant 1, NM_002026) could be confirmed as being upregulated in CD with a ratio of 143. Collagen (type I, NM_000089) was upregulated in CD with a ratio of 17.41 clones could be confirmed as differentially expressed in CD CLPF derived from strictures compared to control CLPF. Five clones were identified as chitinase 3-like 1 (cartilage glycoprotein-39) and confirmed with dot blot with a ratio of 2.1.In an independent approach, microarray analysis showed upregulation of chitinase 3-like 1 (signal log ratio 1.9) in CD CLPF from strictures compared to control CLPF thus confirming subtractive hybridization.Conclusions: In the light of the current literature a number of interesting candidates resulted from the multiplicity of identified genes. In regard to the functional changes of CLPF during stenosis and other dysfunctions some proteins might represent a therapeutic target. (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases) <p> </p><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsored Message:</i></b> Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.<img src="http://www.medworm.com/images/stat.php?folder=conditions&file=Crohns-Disease.xml" border="0" width="0" height="0" /></p>
Neutrophil-mediated activation of epithelial protease-activated receptors-1 and -2 regulates barrier function and transepithelial migration.
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=PubMed_PubMed&from_uid=18832729">Related Articles</a></td></tr></table>
<p><b>Neutrophil-mediated Activation of Epithelial Protease-Activated Receptors-1 and -2 Regulates Barrier Function and Transepithelial Migration.</b></p>
<p>J Immunol. 2008 Oct 15;181(8):5702-10</p>
<p>Authors: Chin AC, Lee WY, Nusrat A, Vergnolle N, Parkos CA</p>
<p>Neutrophil (PMN) infiltration and associated release of serine proteases contribute to epithelial injury during active phases of mucosal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that PMN contact with basolateral surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells in the presence of a chemoattractant results in disruption of barrier function even without transmigration. Similarly, serine protease-mediated activation of epithelial protease-activated receptors (PARs) has been shown to increase permeability. In this study, we assessed whether transmigrating PMNs can regulate barrier function through epithelial PAR activation. Transepithelial resistance (TER) decreased significantly after PMN contact with basolateral surfaces of T84 monolayers or after incubation with PMN elastase and proteinase-3, but not cathepsin G. Inhibition of PMN serine proteases, but not selective inhibition of elastase or cathepsin G, prevented the fall in TER induced by PMN contact and blocked PMN transepithelial migration. Basolateral, but not apical, PAR-1 and -2 activation with selective agonists also decreased TER. PAR-1 and -2 were localized intracellularly and in close proximity to lateral surfaces beneath tight junctions, and expression was increased in colonic mucosa from individuals with Crohn's disease. Combined, but not individual, transfection with small interfering RNAs targeted against epithelial PAR-1 and -2, prevented the fall in TER induced by PMN contact. Furthermore, basolateral PAR-1 and -2 activation induced phosphorylation of myosin L chain kinase and regulatory myosin L chain. Lastly, epithelial PAR-1 and -2 knockdown decreased the rate of PMN transepithelial migration. These results suggest that protease-mediated epithelial PAR-1 and -2 activation, by migrating PMNs, induces signaling events that increase epithelial permeability thereby facilitates PMN transepithelial migration.</p>
<p>PMID: 18832729 [PubMed - in process]</p> (Source: Journal of Immunology)
Form of crohn's disease traced to disabled gut cells
(Washington University School of Medicine) Scientists report online this week in Nature that they have linked the health of specialized gut immune cells to a gene associated with Crohn's disease, an often debilitating and increasingly prevalent inflammatory bowel disorder. (Source: EurekAlert! - Biology)
A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene atg16l1 in mouse and human intestinal paneth cells
A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene Atg16l1 in mouse and human intestinal Paneth cells
Nature advance online publication 05 October 2008. doi:10.1038/nature07416
Authors: Ken Cadwell, John Y. Liu, Sarah L. Brown, Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Joy Loh, Jochen K. Lennerz, Chieko Kishi, Wumesh Kc, Javier A. Carrero, Steven Hunt, Christian D. Stone, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Ramnik J. Xavier, Barry P. Sleckman, Ellen Li, Noboru Mizushima, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck
& Herbert W. Virgin IV
Susceptibility to Crohn’s disease, a complex inflammatory disease involving the small intestine, is controlled by over 30 loci. One Crohn’s disease risk allele is in ATG16L1, a gene homologous to the essential yeast autophagy gene ATG16 (ref. 2). It is not known how ATG16L1 or autophagy contributes to intestinal biology or Crohn’s disease pathogenesis. To address these questions, we generated and characterized mice that are hypomorphic for ATG16L1 protein expression, and validated conclusions on the basis of studies in these mice by analysing intestinal tissues that we collected from Crohn’s disease patients carrying the Crohn’s disease risk allele of ATG16L1. Here we show that ATG16L1 is a bona fide autophagy protein. Within the ileal epithelium, both ATG16L1 and a second essential autophagy protein ATG5 are selectively important for the biology of the Paneth cell, a specialized epithelial cell that functions in part by secretion of granule contents containing antimicrobial peptides and other proteins that alter the intestinal environment. ATG16L1- and ATG5-deficient Paneth cells exhibited notable abnormalities in the granule exocytosis pathway. In addition, transcriptional analysis revealed an unexpected gain of function specific to ATG16L1-deficient Paneth cells including increased expression of genes involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling and lipid metabolism, of acute phase reactants and of two adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin, known to directly influence intestinal injury responses. Importantly, Crohn’s disease patients homozygous for the ATG16L1 Crohn’s disease risk allele displayed Paneth cell granule abnormalities similar to those observed in autophagy-protein-deficient mice and expressed increased levels of leptin protein. Thus, ATG16L1, and probably the process of autophagy, have a role within the intestinal epithelium of mice and Crohn’s disease patients by selective effects on the cell biology and specialized regulatory properties of Paneth cells. (Source: Nature AOP)
Loss of the autophagy protein atg16l1 enhances endotoxin-induced il-1? production
Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1β production
Nature advance online publication 05 October 2008. doi:10.1038/nature07383
Authors: Tatsuya Saitoh, Naonobu Fujita, Myoung Ho Jang, Satoshi Uematsu, Bo-Gie Yang, Takashi Satoh, Hiroko Omori, Takeshi Noda, Naoki Yamamoto, Masaaki Komatsu, Keiji Tanaka, Taro Kawai, Tohru Tsujimura, Osamu Takeuchi, Tamotsu Yoshimori
& Shizuo Akira
Systems for protein degradation are essential for tight control of the inflammatory immune response. Autophagy, a bulk degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents into autolysosomes, controls degradation of long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates and invading microbes, and is suggested to be involved in the regulation of inflammation. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of inflammatory response by autophagy is poorly understood. Here we show that Atg16L1 (autophagy-related 16-like 1), which is implicated in Crohn's disease, regulates endotoxin-induced inflammasome activation in mice. Atg16L1-deficiency disrupts the recruitment of the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate to the isolation membrane, resulting in a loss of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine. Consequently, both autophagosome formation and degradation of long-lived proteins are severely impaired in Atg16L1-deficient cells. Following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, a ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 (refs 8, 9), Atg16L1-deficient macrophages produce high amounts of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, Atg16L1-deficiency causes Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent activation of caspase-1, leading to increased production of IL-1β. Mice lacking Atg16L1 in haematopoietic cells are highly susceptible to dextran sulphate sodium-induced acute colitis, which is alleviated by injection of anti-IL-1β and IL-18 antibodies, indicating the importance of Atg16L1 in the suppression of intestinal inflammation. These results demonstrate that Atg16L1 is an essential component of the autophagic machinery responsible for control of the endotoxin-induced inflammatory immune response. (Source: Nature AOP)
Ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease genetics: more similar than we thought?
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/></tr></table>
<p><b>Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease Genetics: More Similar Than We Thought?</b></p>
<p>Gastroenterology. 2008 Oct 4;</p>
<p>Authors: Sans M, Castells A</p>
<p></p>
<p>PMID: 18840443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]</p> (Source: Gastroenterology) <p> </p><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsored Message:</i></b> Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.<img src="http://www.medworm.com/images/stat.php?folder=conditions&file=Crohns-Disease.xml" border="0" width="0" height="0" /></p>
Stomach 'bug' may lead to inflammatory bowel woes
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Acute stomach infections may increase the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, investigators report. (Source: Reuters: Health)
Ore pharmaceuticals begins clinical trial of gl1001 - inflammatory bowel disease drug candidate's first multiple dose trial
Ore Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ: ORXE) announced today that it has initiated dosing subjects with GL1001, the Company's lead drug candidate, in a multiple ascending dose clinical trial. GL1001, the first clinical-stage inhibitor of the ACE2 enzyme, is an orally administered small molecule that has decreased several disease activity measures in in vivo models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastritis. (Source: Crohn's News From Medical News Today)
Closure of perianal fistula using adalimumab in a crohn's disease patient naive to antitumor necrosis factor alpha antibodies
No abstract. (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)
Determinants of female sexual function in inflammatory bowel disease. a survey based cross-sectional analysis
Background:
Sexual function is impaired in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as compared to normal controls. We examined disease specific determinants of different aspects of low sexual function.
Methods:
Women with IBD aged 15 to 65 presenting to the university departments of internal medicine and surgery were included. In addition, a random sample from the national patients organization was used (separate analyses). Sexual function was assessed by the Brief Index of Sexual Function in Women, comprising seven different domains of sexuality. Function was considered impaired if subscores were < -1 on a z-normalized scale. Results are presented as age adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI based on multiple logistic regression.
Results:
336 questionnaires were included (219 Crohn's disease, 117 ulcerative colitis). Only 20% of the clinical cases had recently been sexually active to a relevant extent. Partnership satisfaction was high in spite of low sexual interest in this group. Depressed mood was the strongest predictor of low sexual function scores in all domains. Urban residency and higher socioeconomic status had a protective effect. Disease activity was moderately associated with low desire (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.2). Severity of the disease course impacted most on intercourse frequency (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.7). Lubrication problems were increased in smokers (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.1).
Conclusions:
Mood disturbances and social environment impacted more on sexual function in women with IBD than disease specific factors. Smoking is associated with lubrication problems. (Source: BMC Gastroenterology)
Effects of adalimumab maintenance therapy on health-related quality of life of patients with crohn's disease: patient-reported outcomes of the charm trial
OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effects of adalimumab maintenance therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. METHODS: In a Phase III, randomized, double-blind clinical trial (CHARM) of moderate to severe Crohn's disease patients, HRQOL outcomes were compared between the adalimumab maintenance treatment groups (every other week and weekly injection) and the adalimumab induction-only group. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, functional assessment of chronic illness therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue, visual analog pain scales, Inflammatory Bowel Disease questionnaire (IBDQ), and Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were analyzed for 499 randomized responders (a decrease of [ge]70 points from baseline in the Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI]) at baseline and weeks 4, 12, 26, and 56. RESULTS: CHARM patients' HRQOL was substantially impaired at baseline. Following a 4-week adalimumab induction therapy, patients experienced statistically significant improvements in all HRQOL measures (P < 0.0001). Compared with patients who were assigned to placebo after induction therapy, patients who continued adalimumab at 40 mg every other week maintenance therapy reported less depression (P < 0.01), fewer fatigue symptoms (P < 0.001), greater improvements in the IBDQ (P < 0.05), greater SF-36 physical component summary scores (P < 0.05), and less abdominal pain (P < 0.05) from weeks 12 to 56. They also had greater SF-36 mental component summary scores at week 56 (P < 0.05). Patients who continued adalimumab at 40-mg weekly maintenance therapy reported less depression and fewer fatigue symptoms at week 56, greater improvement in IBDQ, and less abdominal pain from weeks 12 to 56 (all P < 0.05 vs. placebo). CONCLUSIONS: Adalimumab maintenance therapy provided sustained improvements in HRQOL for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease through week 56. (Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1[ndash]10) (Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology) <p> </p><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsored Message:</i></b> Find out how you can <a href="http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalsponsorship.php" target="_self">get your message across here</a> by sponsoring this MedWorm news feed.<img src="http://www.medworm.com/images/stat.php?folder=conditions&file=Crohns-Disease.xml" border="0" width="0" height="0" /></p>
Computed tomographic enterography and enteroclysis: pearls and pitfalls.
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=PubMed_PubMed&from_uid=18823868">Related Articles</a></td></tr></table>
<p><b>Computed tomographic enterography and enteroclysis: pearls and pitfalls.</b></p>
<p>Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2008 Nov-Dec;37(6):279-87</p>
<p>Authors: Dave-Verma H, Moore S, Singh A, Martins N, Zawacki J</p>
<p>Computed tomographic (CT) enterography and enteroclysis improve visualization of the small bowel mucosa and wall in comparison with traditional CT and fluoroscopic studies by distending the small bowel through enteric hyperhydration with a negative contrast agent. Although CT enterography is performed with oral hyperhydration, CT enteroclysis requires the placement of an enteroclysis tube, often in patients who are unable to orally consume the amount of liquid. When tolerated, CT enterography is often preferred due to its lack of invasiveness. Magnetic resonance enterography and enteroclysis are other modalities that are still being studied and show promise in the imaging of small bowel. Unlike small bowel follow-through, conventional enteroclysis, or capsule endoscopy, extraenteric findings are best assessed on CT enterography. These include findings in the surrounding mesentery, perienteric fat, and the adjacent solid organs that may be associated with the small bowel process and include fistulas or abscesses, mural hyperenhancement, prominent vasa recta, and other inflammatory changes. CT enterography has developed into the first-line modality in the imaging of Crohn's disease and is considered the most appropriate imaging modality in patients with suspected Crohn's disease. It is also increasingly being used in the assessment of small bowel infections, neoplasms, adhesions, and polyps.</p>
<p>PMID: 18823868 [PubMed - in process]</p> (Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology)
Metastatic <i>crohn's disease</i> of external genitalia
Panackel Charles, John Joseph, Krishnadas Devadas, Vinayakumar Kattoor RIndian Journal of Dermatology 2008 53(3):146-148Metastatic Crohn's disease is an uncommon extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease. Its hallmark features include the presence of cutaneous noncaseating granulomas that are noncontiguous with the gastrointestinal tract or fistula. We report a rare case of metastatic Crohn's disease involving the external genitalia in a 14-year-old girl. Diagnosis was based on skin biopsy. Patient had complete recovery on treatment with oral and topical steroids along with azathioprine. (Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology)
Effect of thalidomide on the healing of colonic anastomosis, in rats.
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"/><td align="right"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=PubMed_PubMed&from_uid=18516443">Related Articles</a></td></tr></table>
<p><b>Effect of thalidomide on the healing of colonic anastomosis, in rats.</b></p>
<p>Acta Cir Bras. 2008;23 Suppl 1:17-23; discussion 23</p>
<p>Authors: Veneziano SG, Ramalho LN, Ramalho FS, Campos AD, da Rocha JJ, Feres O</p>
<p>PURPOSE: Thalidomide, because of its anti-inflammatory properties, as re-emerged as an option for the treatment of Crohn's disease refractory to standard therapy. We studied the effect of thalidomide on the healing of colonic anastomosis. METHODS: Sixty male rats (Rattus norvegicus), were divided into 3 groups of 20 animals each, respectively receiving 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg thalidomide by the oral route for 7 days, or saline solution (control). All animals were submitted to continuous end-to-end anastomosis with 6-0 Prolene sutures. After sacrifice the anastomoses were analyzed macroscopically and submitted to determination of hydroxyproline, to histology and to immunohistochemistry for metalloproteinase 1, metalloproteinase 1 inhibitor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS: Statistical analysis of the data showed no significant difference in macroscopic aspect or hydroxyproline determination (p= 0.5403). In the immunohistochemical analysis, the following p values were obtained: p = 0.5817 for VEGF, p = 0.1854 for metalloproteinase 1, and p = 0.0023 for metalloproteinase 1 inhibitor, with this last value being considered statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We conclude that thalidomide influenced collagen maturation. There was a stronger action of metalloproteinases, possibly indicating a negative tendency for the healing process.</p>
<p>PMID: 18516443 [PubMed - in process]</p> (Source: Acta Cirurgica Brasileira)
Prebiotics in chronic intestinal inflammation
Prebiotics are nondigestible fermentable fibers that are reported to have health benefits for the host. Older as well as more recent studies show beneficial effects in experimental colitis and lately also in human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and chronic pouchitis. In this review we give an overview of the benefits of prebiotics in rodent IBD models and in IBD patients and discuss their possible protective mechanisms. Commensal intestinal bacteria induce and perpetuate chronic intestinal inflammation, whereas others are protective. However, most of the current medications are directed against the exaggerated proinflammatory immune response of the host, some of them toxic and costly. Feeding prebiotics changes the composition of the intestinal microflora toward more protective intestinal bacteria and alters systemic and mucosal immune responses of the host. Therapy for IBD targeting intestinal bacteria and their function is just emerging. Prebiotics have the promise to be relatively safe, inexpensive, and easy to administer. Unraveling their protective mechanisms will help to develop rational applications of prebiotics. However, the initial promising results with dietary prebiotics in preclinical trials as well as small studies in human IBD will need to be confirmed in large randomized controlled clinical trials.(Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)
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John McCain, Barack Obama on healthcare
How workable are the presidential candidates' health reform plans? Here's a summary of their proposals and a list of online resources for more information.
<br/><br/>
John McCain and Barack Obama's health reform plans are different both in their approaches to solving problems and their potential effects on voters. But to choose wisely, you have to do some homework. To help, we offer a guide to online resources that analyze how well the candidates' proposals might work.<img src="http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/features/health/~4/417269759" height="1" width="1"/>
Energy drinks: a dangerous, edgy buzz?
Consumption of the highly caffeinated beverages may increase the risk of later substance abuse, researchers say.
<br/><br/>
ENERGY drinks are the target of many complaints: too much sugar, too much caffeine and too many herbal extracts with dubious claims. Now, researchers say the drinks may lead to drug abuse.<img src="http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/features/health/~4/417300854" height="1" width="1"/>
Do food dyes affect kids' behavior?
Studies suggest a link between artificial food coloring and hyperactive behavior in children. Some experts are skeptical.
<br/><br/>
Almost every parent has a story about their kid bouncing off the walls after downing a package of jelly beans or eating a neon blue-frosted cupcake at school. Most blame the sugar.<img src="http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/features/health/~4/417300855" height="1" width="1"/>
Bottled water versus tap: Which is safer to drink?
Both have their risks, but your home's water is subject to broader scrutiny.
<br/><br/>
Those ubiquitous plastic water bottles have been increasingly vilified in recent years. Los Angeles, San Francisco and Santa Barbara, among others, have banned them from purchase with city funds. A few trendsetting restaurants, and even some markets and hotels, have banned them too.<img src="http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/features/health/~4/417300856" height="1" width="1"/>
Lawful boost to mental health coverage
Under the just-passed legislation, plans can no longer make enrollees pay more for mental health and substance abuse coverage than for physical issues.
<br/><br/>
Advocates battling for more than a decade for improved mental healthcare coverage saw their labor rewarded this month when federal legislation was passed requiring group health plans to provide equal coverage for mental and physical illnesses.<img src="http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/features/health/~4/417300857" height="1" width="1"/>
Cost estimates vary on Mental Health Parity law
Agencies predict that health insurance costs could increase from 0.2% to 5%, depending on the type of plan.
<br/><br/>
Will the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 increase the cost of health insurance?<img src="http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/features/health/~4/417300859" height="1" width="1"/>
Leg stretch can build flexibility and strength
Here's a dynamic exercise to help you develop flexibility and strength without risking injury or building bulk. You'll increase your upper body strength while stretching the backs of your legs.<img src="http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/features/health/~4/417300860" height="1" width="1"/>
Track your workout in a diary, trainers recommend
Logging your activities shouldn't be laborious. It's a way to monitor progress and keep motivation up.
<br/><br/>
KEEPING A workout journal is an easy way to track exercise progress. Maybe that's why many personal trainers suggest (or insist) their clients keep one. After all, it is difficult to recall exactly how many minutes at what intensity you did on the elliptical trainer last time. Without those details, workouts blend into one another with no real progress measured.<img src="http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/features/health/~4/417300861" height="1" width="1"/>
Exercise needn't make you sick, but listen to your body
Extreme workouts might lessen the immunity benefits that come with a more moderate pace. Switch out training days and if you're sick, rest up.
<br/><br/>
Does exercise increase the chance of getting sick? It seems that, whenever I ramp up my exercise program, I get colds and sinus infections more often. I was wondering if you could shed some light on this.<img src="http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/features/health/~4/417300862" height="1" width="1"/>
Diving face first into 'safe cosmetics'
Beauty can also mean helping the planet.
<br/><br/>
Our beauty regimens may be poison -- and I don't mean the expensive perfume of that name. Revelations of toxic ingredients in cosmetics, lotions, nail polishes, shampoos: They lead women to wonder about the safety of stunning.<img src="http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/features/health/~4/417300863" height="1" width="1"/>
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Side Effects Of Crohn's Disease Medication
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes such things as weight loss, stomach pains and diarrhea. There is usually marked periods of remissions as well as Read more...
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The Link Between Crohn's Disease And Cancerous Colon
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease which affects the intestines. It is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal Read more...
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crohn's disease info |
Causes Of Crohn's Disease And So Much More
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel condition in which the entire gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus can become inflamed until it is causes pain, destruction of Read more...
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One of the inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus. It usually occurs in the lower part of the small intestine, called the ileum.
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